Preheat the oven: Heat your oven to 375°F (190°C).
Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Sauté aromatics: Warm olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add onion and cook 3–4 minutes until softened. Stir in garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Brown the beef: Add ground beef, breaking it up with a spoon.
Season with salt, pepper, chili powder, cumin, and smoked paprika. Cook 6–8 minutes until browned and no longer pink. Drain excess fat if needed.
Add beans and chiles: Stir in black beans and diced green chiles.
Cook 1–2 minutes to warm through. Taste and adjust seasoning with a pinch more salt if needed.
Warm the sauce: In a small saucepan or microwave-safe bowl, gently warm the enchilada sauce. This helps it spread and soak into the layers evenly.
Prep tortillas: If using corn tortillas, stack and wrap them in a damp paper towel and microwave 20–30 seconds to soften.
This prevents tearing during layering.
Layer the casserole: Spoon a thin layer of enchilada sauce into the baking dish. Add a single layer of tortillas (tear to fit as needed). Spread one-third of the beef mixture over the tortillas, drizzle with sauce, and sprinkle with one-third of the cheese.
Repeat layers two more times, finishing with cheese on top.
Bake: Cover loosely with foil and bake 15 minutes. Remove foil and bake another 10–12 minutes, until cheese is melted and bubbling with lightly golden spots.
Rest and garnish: Let the casserole rest 8–10 minutes so it sets and slices cleanly. Top with dollops of Greek yogurt or sour cream, cilantro, and diced avocado if using.
Serve with lime wedges.